Measures of regulator quality
The output voltage can only be held roughly constant; the regulation is specified by two measurements:
- load regulation is the change in output voltage for a given change in load current (for example: "typically 15 mV, maximum 100 mV for load currents between 5 mA and 1.4 A, at some specified temperature and input voltage").
- line regulation or input regulation is the degree to which output voltage changes with input (supply) voltage changes - as a ratio of output to input change (for example "typically 13 mV/V"), or the output voltage change over the entire specified input voltage range (for example "plus or minus 2% for input voltages between 90 V and 260 V, 50-60 Hz").
Other important parameters are:
- Temperature coefficient of the output voltage is the change with temperature (perhaps averaged over a given temperature range).
- Initial accuracy of a voltage regulator (or simply "the voltage accuracy") reflects the error in output voltage for a fixed regulator without taking into account temperature or aging effects on output accuracy.
- Dropout voltage is the minimum difference between input voltage and output voltage for which the regulator can still supply the specified current. A low drop-out (LDO) regulator is designed to work well even with an input supply only a volt or so above the output voltage. The input-output differential at which the voltage regulator will no longer maintain regulation is the dropout voltage. Further reduction in input voltage will result in reduced output voltage. This value is dependent on load current and junction temperature.
- Absolute maximum ratings are defined for regulator components, specifying the continuous and peak output currents that may be used (sometimes internally limited), the maximum input voltage, maximum power dissipation at a given temperature, etc.
- Output noise (thermal white noise) and output dynamic impedance may be specified as graphs versus frequency, while outputripple noise (mains "hum" or switch-mode "hash" noise) may be given as peak-to-peak or RMS voltages, or in terms of their spectra.
- Quiescent current in a regulator circuit is the current drawn internally, not available to the load, normally measured as the input current while no load is connected (and hence a source of inefficiency; some linear regulators are, surprisingly, more efficient at very low current loads than switch-mode designs because of this).
- Transient response is the reaction of a regulator when a (sudden) change of the load current (called the load transient) or input voltage (called the line transient) occurs. Some regulators will tend to oscillate or have a slow response time which in some cases might lead to undesired results. This value is different from the regulation parameters, as that is the stable situation definition. The transient response shows the behaviour of the regulator on a change. This data is usually provided in the technical documentation of a regulator and is also dependent on output capacitance.
- Mirror-image insertion protection means that a regulator is designed for use when a voltage, usually not higher than the maximum input voltage of the regulator, is applied to its output pin while its input terminal is at a low voltage, volt-free or grounded. Some regulators can continuously withstand this situation; others might only manage it for a limited time such as 60 seconds, as usually specified in the datasheet. This situation can occur when a three terminal regulator is incorrectly mounted for example on a PCB, with the output terminal connected to the unregulated DC input and the input connected to the load. Mirror-image insertion protection is also important when a regulator circuit is used in battery charging circuits, when external power fails or is not turned on and the output terminal remains at battery voltage.
FOR YOUR PHILIPPINE ELECTRICAL CONCERNS...NEEDS...INSTALLATION...QUOTATION...ORDERS
KINDLY EMAIL US: SAFEELECTRICAL1997@GMAIL.COM
SAFEELECTRICALONLINE@GMAIL.COM
FOR YOUR PHILIPPINE ELECTRICAL CONCERNS...NEEDS...INSTALLATION...QUOTATION...ORDERS:
KINDLY EMAIL US: SAFEELECTRICAL1997@GMAIL.COM
SAFEELECTRICALONLINE@GMAIL.COM
FOR PHILIPPINE INQUIRIES LIKE LIGHTNING ARRESTER SUPPLY AND INSTALLATION
CONTACT US:
FOR PHILIPPINE INQUIRIES LIKE LIGHTNING ARRESTER SUPPLY AND INSTALLATION
CONTACT US:
FOR PHILIPPINE INQUIRIES LIKE LIGHTNING ARRESTER SUPPLY AND INSTALLATION
CONTACT US:
MOBILE NUMBERS: SMART: +63 09079522099
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HURRY..CALL US...NOW!!!!
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ORDERS AND INQUIRIES...
LIGHTNING ARRESTER SUPPLIER AND INSTALLER IN THE PHILIPPINES
ELECTRICAL FENCE SUPPLIER AND INSTALLER IN THE PHILIPPINES
LIGHTNING ARRESTER SUPPLIER AND INSTALLER IN METRO MANILA
ELECTRICAL FENCE SUPPLIER AND INSTALLER IN METRO MANILA
LIGHTNING ARRESTER SUPPLIER AND INSTALLER IN THE PHILIPPINE ECONOMIC ZONE
ELECTRICAL FENCE SUPPLIER AND INSTALLER IN THE PHILIPPINE ECONOMIC ZONE
LIGHTNING ARRESTER SUPPLIER AND INSTALLER IN THE VISAYA REGION
ELECTRICAL FENCE SUPPLIER AND INSTALLER IN THE VISAYAS REGION
LIGHTNING ARRESTER SUPPLIER AND INSTALLER IN THE MINDANAO
ELECTRICAL FENCE SUPPLIER AND INSTALLER IN THE MINDANAO
FOR YOUR LIGHTNING STRIKE PROTECTION...LET US HELP YOU AVOID SUCH ACCIDENTS...
BEFORE IT IS TOO LATE...BEFORE IT IS TOO LATE...
WHEN LIGHTNING STRIKE HIT YOU..
I GUARANTEE YOU..YOU'LL NEVER LIVE TO TELL YOUR EXPERIENCE...
DON'T BE THE NEXT VICTIM...PROTECT YOURSELF..YOUR FAMILY..YOUR BUSINESS AT ALL TIMES..
INSTALL A LIGHTNING ARRESTER IN YOUR PLACE...DO IT NOW BEFORE YOUR CAUGHT UNAWARE...
IF YOU HAVE LIGHTING PROTECTION INSTALLED...
YOU'LL HAVE PEACE OF MIND...YOU CAN SLEEP WELL EVEN WHEN LIGHTNING STRIKES...
YOU KNOW YOUR WELL PROTECTED...
IN YOUR HOME, IN YOUR PLACE OF BUSINESS AND IN YOUR PROPERTIES...
HURRY..CALL US...NOW!!!!
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ADVANCE ORDERS AND INQUIRIES...
"PHILIPPINE FOREIGNERS AND PHILIPPINE PROVINCES ELECTRICAL SUPPLIER
AND SERVICE PROVIDER"
"SAFE ELECTRICAL SUPPLY AND SERVICES"
"SAFE ELECTRICAL SUPPLY AND SERVICES"
"SAFE ELECTRICAL SUPPLY AND SERVICES"
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Safe Electrical Supply and Services
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Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers(IIEE)Membership#19420
Telephone: 4068727 4922566
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sun: 09227192434
Building K-415 Smilecitihomes 1 Barangay Kaligayahan
Novaliches Quezon City 1124
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"The Elevator to Success is always out of order,
but one can always use the stairs"
"One does not Lead by hitting people over the Head,
that's assault not Leadership" - Eisenhower
"If You Think Education is Expensive,
count the cost of being ignorant" - Past Harvard President
"If you're gonna be thinking anyway,
you might as well think big" - Donald Trump
"Insanity, doing the same things
over and over again,
then expecting a different result" - Albert Einstein
"Small minds talk of people,
average minds talk of events,
great minds talk of ideas"
“I shall pass this way but once; any good that I can do
or any kindness I can show to any human being;
let me do it now. Let me not defer nor neglect it,
for I shall not pass this way again.”
Etienne de Grellet (1773-1855);
Quaker missionary
If you wanna make the world a better place
take a look at yourself and make a change
- Michael Jackson
"The Best things in life are FREE,
Family, Relatives, Friends, Health and most especially Time"
Our company operates in the principle of cooperation, collaboration,
joint partnership/marketing and cross promotion.
We treat our people,clients,suppliers,affiliates
subcontractors, business owners, entrepreneurs(SMALL TIME or Bigtime),
common people,sales people especially PURCHASING OFFICERS as our business partners and friends.
We operate in the principle of Win-Win in every transactions we get involved in
and our company would like to establish good long-term relationship with the client we serve...
We value and aim for REPEAT BUSINESS...and not just for a one-time transaction...
Delivery Schedule: 9am to 10pm Monday to Friday Only
OFFICE DAYS: Monday to Friday Only
9-12PM TO 1-5PM ONLY
Saturday: Lord's day "EL SHADDAI" The God who is more than enough
Sunday: Family day
10% of what the company earns, we give to the Lord,
10% of what the company earns, we give to charity,
this is the company's way of giving back part of what it earns,
to the community and above.
"It is unwise to pay too much, but it's worst to pay too little.
When you pay too much, you lose a little money - that is all...
When you pay too little, You sometimes lose everything,
Because the thing you bought or the service you acquired
was incapable of doing the thing it was bought or intended to do.
The common law of business balance
prohibits paying a little and getting a lot - it can't be done.
If you deal with the lowest bidder,
It is well to add something for the risk you run,
And if you do that,
You will have enough to pay for something better."
- JOHN RUSKIN(1819 - 1900)
"Good things aren't cheap,
and cheap things aren't good"
HEALTH TIPS HEALTH TIPS HEALTH TIPS HEALTH TIPS HEALTH TIPS HEALTH TIPS
ATTENTION: FOR ALL INDIVIDUALS ESPECIALLY THOSE AGE 40 AND ABOVE.
MEDICAL EXPERIMENT - MIRACLES WITH WATER
Japanese Sickness Association has published the following experiment with WATER.
They Claim 100% success for curing old and new diseases as follows:
1. Headache, BP, Anaemia, Arthrosis, Paralysis, Palpitation, Epilepsy and Obesity
2. Cough, Bronchitis, Asthma, and Tuberculosis
3. Meningitis and any other diseases connected with URINE and LIVER.
4. Hyper-acidity, Gastritis, Dysentery, Constipation, Piles and Diabetes
5. Any other diseases connected with Eye, Nose and Throat.
6. Irregular menstrual periods of women
METHOD OF TREATMENT AND MAINTENANCE:
1. Wake-up early morning and drink Four(4) glasses (160ml each) in an empty stomach.
Thereafter, no solids or liquids should be taken up to 45 minutes.
2. Normal breakfast can be taken after the 45 minutes time elapsed.
3. Nothing either liquid or solid should be taken for Two(2) hours after breakfast, the same as with Lunch and Dinner.
4. After Dinner nothing should be taken before bedtime or sleep.
Sick and old people will find it difficult to drink Four(4) glasses of water at an instant in the beginning, but, can increase
gradually to the recommended level in a short time period.
Experiment has proved that the following diseases have been cured on treatment of water for the period shown against them
a) Hypertension - 30 days d) Constipation - 10 days
b) Gastric Problems - 30 days e) Cancer - 6 months
c) Diabetes - 30 days f) Tuberculosis - 3 months
Those who suffering from Arthritis should try this experiment three(3) times a day for one(1) week and thereafter reduce to
once in the morning. For first few days you may experience to pass urine more than the norma, but no side effects.
THIS WILL CLEANSED YOUR BODY OF IMPURITIES AND WILL
PREVENT MANY TYPES OF DISEASES...
EXERCISE RELIGIOUSLY...
AS THE SAYING GOES "HEALTH IS WEALTH"
REMEMBER:
70% of our body is made up of water...
only 30% of our body is solid...
HEALTH IS WEALTH...
WHAT'S THE USE OF HAVING A BILLION
BUT LYING IN A BED - SICK
OR SUFFERING FROM AN ILLNESS.....
I WOULD RATHER HAVE A CLEAN BILL OF HEALTH FOR A BILLION.
WHEN YOU REACH THE AGE OF 35 EXERCISE IS A MUST...
WATCH YOUR DIET...
EXERCISE DAILY AND RELIGIOUSLY
TAKE YOUR MULTIVITAMINS TO SUPPLEMENT YOUR FOOD INTAKE....
THE BEST THINGS IN LIFE ARE FREE.....
FAMILY....RELATIVES....FRIENDS....HEALTH and most importantly TIME....
YOU ARE MORE BLESSED THAN OTHERS...
WHEN YOU HAVE BOTH YOUR EYES SO YOU CAN CLEARLY SEE
OTHERS HAVE ONLY ONE...OTHERS ARE TOTALLY BLIND...
WHEN YOU HAVE BOTH YOUR EARS SO YOU CAN CLEARLY HEAR
OTHERS HAVE ONLY ONE...OTHERS ARE TOTALLY DEAF...
WHEN YOU HAVE BOTH YOUR HANDS SO YOU CAN HOLD THINGS WELL
OTHERS HAVE ONLY ONE...OTHERS HAVE NONE...
WHEN YOU HAVE BOTH YOUR FEET SO YOU CAN WALK EASILY
OTHERS HAVE ONE...OTHERS HAVE NONE..
WHEN YOU STILL HAVE YOUR PARENTS...
OTHERS HAVE ONE...OTHERS HAVE NONE...
WHEN YOU HAVE CHILDREN...
OTHERS HAVE ONE...OTHERS HAVE NONE...
WHEN YOU HAVE A FAMILY...
SOME HAVE NONE...OTHERS TOTALLY ORPHANED
WHEN YOU ARE LIVING IN THE PHILIPPINES...A DEMOCRATIC COUNTRY..
THE WEATHER NOT THAT EXTREMELY HOT NOR COLD..
WERE PLANTS AND TREES GROW EASILY
SURROUNDED BY SEAS FULL OF FISHES AND NATURAL RESOURCES
WHEN YOU ARE OLD AND STILL LIVING WITH YOUR CHILDREN
IN SOME COUNTRIES OLD PARENTS AND PEOPLE
ARE LEFT IN THE "HOME OF THE AGED NURSING FOUNDATION"
WHEN YOU STILL HAVE YOUR JOB...WORKING IN AN AIR-CONDITIONED
ROOM..JUST CONSIDER THE CONSTRUCTION WORKERS DOING THEIR
HARD LABOR JOBS UNDER THE HEAT OF THE SUN...IGNORING THE
DANGEROUS ELEMENTS CONFRONTING THEM....
COUNT YOUR BLESSINGS...COUNT THEM ONE BY ONE...
DON'T THINK OF SAYING ANY UNKIND WORD...
THINK OF PEOPLE WHO CAN'T SPEAK,
DON'T COMPLAIN ABOUT THE FOOD YOU EAT,
SOME HAVE NOTHING.
DON'T COMPLAIN ABOUT LIFE,
PAINT A SMILE ON YOUR FACE
AND THANK GOD YOU'RE ALIVE AND STILL AROUND
LIFE IS A GIFT......
LIVE IT WELL......
SAFETY 1ST
REPEAT BUSINESS 2ND
PRAY ALWAYS IT WORKS!!!
ATTENTION: FOREIGN ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS AND ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTORS
OUR COMPANY WELCOMES ELECTRICAL FOREIGN SUPPLIER/MANUFACTURER/S
WHO WOULD LIKE TO OFFER THEIR PRODUCT LINE
HERE IN THE PHILIPPINES BUT ON A CONSIGNMENT BASIS ONLY,
MEANING PAYMENT WILL BE FOR A CERTAIN PERIOD...EXAMPLE SIX(6) MONTHS TO ONE(1) YEAR,
ALL THOSE ITEMS THAT WILL NOT BE SOLD OR SLOW MOVING ITEMS WILL BE REPLACED
AND WE WILL JUST PAY FOR THOSE SOLD ITEMS
YOUR COMPANY WILL BE SHOULDERING THE FORWARDING/FREIGHT COST
OR SHIPMENT COST...
WE WILL BE IN CHARGE OF STOCKAGE,MARKETING,SALES AND AFTER SALES CONCERNS..
CONTACT,EMAIL OR CALL US IF YOUR COMPANY IS INTERESTED WITH OUR OFFER...
BY THE WAY PAYMENT WILL BE BANK TO BANK...
YOUR BANK WILL BE COORDINATING WITH OUR LOCAL BANK HERE IN THE PHILIPPINES....
CALL/EMAIL US IF YOUR COMPANY IS INTERESTED ON OUR OFFER....
ATTENTION: CEO LARRY PAGE...CEO SERGEY BRIN...AND TO THE MANAGEMENT AND STAFF OF GOOGLE
FROM THE BOTTOM OUR HEART...THANK YOU FOR THE SEARCH ENGINE OPTIMIZATION
THAT OUR COMPANY IS GETTING...
MAY THE GOOD LORD BLESS YOU AND YOUR COMPANY INCLUDING THE MANAGEMENT AND STAFF...
GOOD HEALTH...LONG LIFE...AND A MORE FRUITFUL YEARS AHEAD NOT TO MENTION
INCREASING AND GROWING BOTTOM LINE FOR THE COMPANY....
FOR THE THE BEST AND NUMBER ONE SEARCH ENGINE COMPANY IN THE WORLD
KUDOS AND SALUTE TO YOUR COMPANY SIR AND MADAM....
TO INFINITY AND BEYOND....TO INFINITY AND BEYOND....
.
EL SHADDAI BLESS TACLOBAN...EL SHADDAI BLESS BOHOL..
EL SHADDAI BLESS LUZON ...VISAYAS AND MINDANAO...
EL SHADDAI BLESS THE PHILIPPINES...EL SHADDAI BLESS THE FILIPINO PEOPLE...
"EL SHADDAI...THE GOD ALMIGHTY" "THE GOD WHO IS MORE THAN ENOUGH"
FOR PHILIPPINE VIEWERS OF THIS WEBSITE...
FOR HEALING TIPS..ESPECIALLY FOR THOSE WHO DO/DOES NOT HAVE THE BUDGET
FOR MEDICINE...TRY THE NATURAL WAY OF HEALING...
WATCH HEALING GALING @ AKSYON TV SATURDAY AND SUNDAY 8AM ONWARD..
93.2 FM NATURAL HEALING USING HERBAL MEDICINE...
@ SAFE ELECTRICAL SUPPLY AND SERVICES
WE'RE HERE NOT ONLY TO HELP YOU OWN YOUR ELECTRICAL SUPPLIES
AND HELP YOU ON YOUR ELECTRICAL CONCERNS,
WE ALSO CARE FOR YOUR HEALTH...
AS THE SAYING GOES HEALTH IS WEALTH...
LET US SUPPORT FILIPINO ENTREPRENEURS
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