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Power Supply Design for a Servo Controller   AVR Freaks Forum Index » AVR (8-bit) Technical Forums » AVR forum     Author Message itznaidu Posted: Aug 22, 2013 - 06:02 AM Joined: Jul 08, 2009 Posts: 30 Location: Bangalore Hi, I am controlling 8 servo motors using ATMEGA8L micro controller. The servo motor I am using is SG90 (tower pro) For the power supply I am using four 1.2V NiMH (1600 mAH )batteries. What is the best possible solution for a single power supply which can be used for driving all the 8 motors and the micro controller at the same time PS: and also it should be cost effective.          Kartman Posted: Aug 22, 2013 - 08:27 AM Joined: Dec 30, 2004 Posts: 9793 Location: Melbourne,Australia Since you're using a mega8l, this means you expect 3.3V. Use a LDO regulator for the AVR power. Don't use terms like 'best possible' - what is best for you may not be the best for anyone else. Similarly for 'cost effective' - compared to what? Engineers deal with specifications. if you have said the 1 off cost should be less than $1 usd, then we have a baseline to work from. Depending on your supplier, a LDO regulator might be around $1 usd, then you need a couple of capacitors and a diode.          itznaidu Posted: Aug 22, 2013 - 08:59 AM Joined: Jul 08, 2009 Posts: 30 Location: Bangalore CASE 1:I used atmega8L with AMS1117 5.0 V but when ever the motors rotate they are drawing too much current, resetting the controller. I have 10mf capacitor on the input the LDO and a 01mfd on the output of the MFD. here I used a 6v NiCD battery. CASE 2: For the same circuit I used a NiMH 4.8V (1600mAh) battery. This battery was used only for servo motors. Ground was shorted. The battery was getting heated up on continuous usage. And when I connected the same battery to the input of AMS1117, the controller stopped working.          Kartman Posted: Aug 22, 2013 - 09:20 AM Joined: Dec 30, 2004 Posts: 9793 Location: Melbourne,Australia What happens when you use a 3V regulator?          DO1THL Posted: Aug 22, 2013 - 09:30 AM Joined: Aug 29, 2002 Posts: 891 Location: Muenster, Germany How much current are actually talking about? Did you measure the current being drawn by a single motor? What was the measured voltage of the battery when being under full load? I guess it broke down to not much over 3-3.5 V, which would be too low for the LDO. Do read about Ohm's law, think a bit about your circuit, and do measure things to know what is happening, it's not rocket science. _________________ Einstein was right: "Two things are unlimited: the universe and the human stupidity. But i'm not quite sure about the former..."          itznaidu Posted: Aug 22, 2013 - 10:23 AM Joined: Jul 08, 2009 Posts: 30 Location: Bangalore Each motor is taking a current of 0.25mA at no load and upto 0.6mA at full load. After all the four motors are connected to the battery, The battery voltage drops to 2.4V to 2.6V          Kartman Posted: Aug 22, 2013 - 10:32 AM Joined: Dec 30, 2004 Posts: 9793 Location: Melbourne,Australia It sounds like you are drawing too much current from the batteries. Methinks you got the amperage a bit out, surely you meant: 25mA and 600mA Since your batteries were getting hot suggests you are loading them way too much. Your servos may not appreciate getting loaded as much also.          DO1THL Posted: Aug 22, 2013 - 10:42 AM Joined: Aug 29, 2002 Posts: 891 Location: Muenster, Germany And how on earth would an LDO squeeze out 3.3V out of a battery that is at 2.6V? Your batteries are far too weak for that purpose - or were too old and couldn't deliver the amperage they were specified for. _________________ Einstein was right: "Two things are unlimited: the universe and the human stupidity. But i'm not quite sure about the former..."          indianajones11 Posted: Aug 24, 2013 - 05:48 PM Joined: Nov 28, 2004 Posts: 3787 Location: San Diego, Ca First thing is you should've used a lab supply and measured the total current the system used, THEN you'd know what kind of current rating your P.S. (batteries) will need. Connecting your batteries in series ups the overall voltage, but the current is the same as for ONE battery. Trying to do motor control design, with significant currents, using one P.S. is a bad design. The P.S. for noisy motors and large currents should be separate from the delicate P.S. requirements of a MCU. (600mA F.L.) * 8 is 4.8 A !!! Using batteries and it's to be "cost-effective"...umm... _________________ 1) Studio 4.18 build 716 (SP3) 2) WinAvr 20100110 3) PN, all on Doze XP... For Now A) Avr Dragon ver. 1 B) Avr MKII ISP, 2009 model C) MKII JTAGICE ver. 1          mckeemj Posted: Aug 25, 2013 - 08:40 PM Joined: Jun 26, 2006 Posts: 706 Location: San Luis Valley, Colorado ( 2,318m ) As has been said, the batteries are being overloaded. But, you also need to figure out what the power requirements are. Simply saying "servo motors" is insufficient. Some require 1A, others 5A. That's a difference ( with eight ) of 32A! So, figure out what the current requirements are. Then, you need to separate the two supplies somehow. The simplest way is to just use two. But, if you have enough headroom, you can also regulate down from the servo power. The batteries will have to be able to supply the full load without dropping in voltage enough to reset the microcontroller. If you are attaching a regulator, the batteries need to supply enough voltage to keep the regulator out of dropout. Given that the '1117 type regulators typically have a dropout >1v, that means that the batteries must supply >6v to keep the regulator from going into dropout. If you ran the processor at 3.3v and got a regulator with a lower dropout, it would be possible to improve noise immunity. Martin Jay McKee _________________ As with most things in engineering, the answer is an unabashed, "It depends."          ka7ehk Posted: Aug 25, 2013 - 09:35 PM Joined: Nov 22, 2002 Posts: 12694 Location: Tangent, OR, USA I was just about to ask some very similar questions on an up-coming project. In my case, I will have one servo in a system that is ultimately powered by 12V DC. Thus, the MCU supply will have to be regulated down from that and I assume that the servo will also have to be regulated down. Servo operation will be VERY intermittent (maybe once a month) with two actions each time, full motion one direction, then a moment later, full motion back to the start. The questions: 1) What is the desired power supply voltage for such servos? 2) Is there a general range of idle current and operating current or does it depend entirely on the servo and the supply voltage? 3) The control pulse - how does the required amplitude depend on the servo supply voltage? Does it have to be the same? Or, could the servo be running from 4.2 V with a 5V MCU? Yes, it sounds like a strange combo but I need to ask. Thanks Jim _________________ Jim Wagner Oregon Research Electronics, Consulting Div. Tangent, OR, USA I am right here, right now, because I am not somewhere else.          mckeemj Posted: Aug 25, 2013 - 10:47 PM Joined: Jun 26, 2006 Posts: 706 Location: San Luis Valley, Colorado ( 2,318m ) Taking things in order: 1) Servos should be powered from 4.8v - 6.0v ( there are some special high-voltage ones that can be powered from 7.4v ). 2) Current consumption varies widely. It depends upon voltage, servo load and servo quality. It can also depend upon the particular application the servo was originally designed for ( light weight, high torque, high speed, etc. ). As a general rule, "standard" size servos have a stall current of 2-3A, micro-servos,1.5-2.5A, and "giant-scale" servos 3-5A. 3) I've not looked into the protection on the signal line. I'm not sure if the line would be 5v tolerant running at 4.2v ( Li-Po battery perhaps??? ), but that would be awfully low for the servo to begin with. It is, however, possible to control the servo with a lower voltage signal. Almost all servos on the market at this point do just fine with a 3.3v signal when running on 5v. Martin Jay McKee _________________ As with most things in engineering, the answer is an unabashed, "It depends."          ka7ehk Posted: Aug 26, 2013 - 01:14 AM Joined: Nov 22, 2002 Posts: 12694 Location: Tangent, OR, USA Thanks, Martin - That is just the information I was hoping to find. I had no idea even what the expected voltages and currents are. Jim _________________ Jim Wagner Oregon Research Electronics, Consulting Div. Tangent, OR, USA I am right here, right now, because I am not somewhere else.          mckeemj Posted: Aug 26, 2013 - 02:52 AM Joined: Jun 26, 2006 Posts: 706 Location: San Luis Valley, Colorado ( 2,318m ) Glad to be of service. Sadly, the servos ( and the rest of the R/C gear for that matter ) are not as well documented as many of the electronic components that might be combined with them. There's a lot of learning by history and "suck and see." Martin Jay McKee _________________ As with most things in engineering, the answer is an unabashed, "It depends."          ka7ehk Posted: Aug 26, 2013 - 03:52 AM Joined: Nov 22, 2002 Posts: 12694 Location: Tangent, OR, USA I appreciate that. I had done some looking but there seemed to be very little information at the engineering level. Jim _________________ Jim Wagner Oregon Research Electronics, Consulting Div. 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