Lightning And Surge Protection For Cable Networks And Antennas For TV (photo by dipolnet.com)
Protective Mechanisms
IEC 60728-11 complies with the state of the art and offers easy, standardised and effective protective mechanisms against the effects of lightning strikes into antennas.
Antennas installed according to this standard do not increase the probability of lightnings to strike the object under consideration. Nor is an antenna system installed according to this standard a substitute for a lightning protection system of a building or structure.
This standard deals with the safety requirements for stationary systems and devices and is, if applicable, also valid for mobile and temporary systems (e.g. campers, recreational vehicles). The range of validity comprises cable TV networks (CATV networks) and satellite community antenna television systems as well as individual receiving networks.
Figure 1 - Horizontal and vertical distances of antenna arrangements requiring no earthing connection
Outside antennas which are installed at a level of more than 2 m below the roofing or the roof-edge and at distance of less than 1.5 m from the building (Figure 1) as well as antenna systems inside a building are excepted from the following measures.
However, at least the connection of the coaxial cable shields to an equipotential bonding conductor is urgently recommended.
All interconnected, conductive and touchable components of the installation should be integrated into the equipotential bonding as well.
Antennas must not be installed on buildings with easily inflammable roofing (e.g. thatch or similar materials). Antenna cables and earthing conductors must not lead through those sections of rooms where easily inflammable materials like hay, straw or alike are stored, or in which there is a potential risk of explosive atmosphere to arise.
An equipotential bonding conductor has to be mechanically solid with a copper cross section of minimum 4 mm2. The shields of the coaxial cables going in or out of the building have to be connected with an equipotential bonding conductor and by the shortest route with a common equipotential bonding bar.
An earthing conductor being capable of carrying lightning current can be a single solid wire having a minimum cross section of 16 mm2 of insulated or bare copper, or of insulated 25 mm2 aluminium or of 50 mm2 aluminium wrought alloy (not to be directly installed on or in plaster nor on or in concrete), or of steel 50 mm2 , preferably for external installation.
Natural components which can be used, are for example:
- the metal frame of the building or structure,
- the interconnected reinforcement steel of the building or structure,
- facades, railings and substructures of metal facades, provided that
- their dimensions meet the requirements of down-conductor systems and their thickness is not less than 0.5 mm,
- their electrical conductivity in vertical direction is ensured (these permanent connections have to be carried out by brazing, welding, pressing, screwing or riveting), or that the distance between metal structures does not exceed 1 mm and the overlapping of two structural elements is at least 100 cm2.
IEC 62305-3 does no longer stipulate this possibility of overlapping sheet metal, except the substructure is continuously conductive in vertical direction. If not, the overlapping sheet metals have to be safely interconnected according to the requirements of IEC 62305-3.
Figure 2 - Examples of permitted earth electrodes
Attention: Forming of loops has to be avoided.
The earth-termination system has to be designed according to one of the following manners (Figure 2):
- Connection with the external lightning protection system of the building or structure.
- Connection with the earth-termination system of the building or structure.
- Connection with at least two horizontal earth electrodes having a minimum length of 2.5 m, being installed in an angle > 60 °, at least 0.5 m deep and not closer than 1 m to the foundation, or connected with one vertical or slanted earth electrode not shorter than 2.5 m or two vertical earth electrodes not shorter than 1.5 m, installed at a distance of 3 m from each other and not closer than 1 m to the foundation.
Minimum cross section of each earth electrode to be 50 mm2 copper or 80 mm2 steel.
Natural components such as interconnected reinforcement of concrete or other suitable underground metal constructions embedded into the foundation of the building the dimensions of which complying with the above limit values, can be used as well. Other earth-termination system according to IEC 62305-3 are also permitted.
If a supplementary earth electrode is installed adjacent to the earth termination system of the building, the earth electrodes have to be interconnected.
In case of buildings without lightning protection system (LPS), the mast with an earthing conductor has to be connected by the shortest route with the earth electrode. The earthing conductor has to be installed straightly and vertically. The coaxial cable shields have to be connected with the mast by equipotential bonding conductors (Figure 3).
Figure 3 - Earthing and equipotential bonding of antennas on buildings without external lightning protection system
In case of buildings with lightning protection system (LPS), the antennas preferably shall be installed within the protective range of an air-termination system, which means in the range of existing protective zones or by isolated air-termination systems.
Only if this is not possible, a direct connection with the external lightning protection system shall be implemented. In this case the aris ing partial lightning currents via the coaxial conductors have to be taken into account individually.
Lightning equipotential bonding has to be performed for the conductors going into the building.
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FOR YOUR LIGHTNING STRIKE PROTECTION...LET US HELP YOU AVOID SUCH ACCIDENTS...
BEFORE IT IS TOO LATE...BEFORE IT IS TOO LATE...
WHEN LIGHTNING STRIKE HIT YOU..
I GUARANTEE YOU..YOU'LL NEVER LIVE TO TELL YOUR EXPERIENCE...
DON'T BE THE NEXT VICTIM...PROTECT YOURSELF..YOUR FAMILY..YOUR BUSINESS AT ALL TIMES..
INSTALL A LIGHTNING ARRESTER IN YOUR PLACE...DO IT NOW BEFORE YOUR CAUGHT UNAWARE...
IF YOU HAVE LIGHTING PROTECTION INSTALLED...
YOU'LL HAVE PEACE OF MIND...YOU CAN SLEEP WELL EVEN WHEN LIGHTNING STRIKES...
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over and over again,
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"Small minds talk of people,
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great minds talk of ideas"
“I shall pass this way but once; any good that I can do
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let me do it now. Let me not defer nor neglect it,
for I shall not pass this way again.”
Etienne de Grellet (1773-1855);
Quaker missionary
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take a look at yourself and make a change
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"The Best things in life are FREE,
Family, Relatives, Friends, Health and most especially Time"
Our company operates in the principle of cooperation, collaboration,
joint partnership/marketing and cross promotion.
We treat our people,clients,suppliers,affiliates
subcontractors, business owners, entrepreneurs(SMALL TIME or Bigtime),
common people,sales people especially PURCHASING OFFICERS as our business partners and friends.
We operate in the principle of Win-Win in every transactions we get involved in
and our company would like to establish good long-term relationship with the client we serve...
We value and aim for REPEAT BUSINESS...and not just for a one-time transaction...
Delivery Schedule: 9am to 10pm Monday to Friday Only
OFFICE DAYS: Monday to Friday Only
9-12PM TO 1-5PM ONLY
Saturday: Lord's day "EL SHADDAI" The God who is more than enough
Sunday: Family day
10% of what the company earns, we give to the Lord,
10% of what the company earns, we give to charity,
this is the company's way of giving back part of what it earns,
to the community and above.
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When you pay too much, you lose a little money - that is all...
When you pay too little, You sometimes lose everything,
Because the thing you bought or the service you acquired
was incapable of doing the thing it was bought or intended to do.
The common law of business balance
prohibits paying a little and getting a lot - it can't be done.
If you deal with the lowest bidder,
It is well to add something for the risk you run,
And if you do that,
You will have enough to pay for something better."
- JOHN RUSKIN(1819 - 1900)
"Good things aren't cheap,
and cheap things aren't good"
HEALTH TIPS HEALTH TIPS HEALTH TIPS HEALTH TIPS HEALTH TIPS HEALTH TIPS
ATTENTION: FOR ALL INDIVIDUALS ESPECIALLY THOSE AGE 40 AND ABOVE.
MEDICAL EXPERIMENT - MIRACLES WITH WATER
Japanese Sickness Association has published the following experiment with WATER.
They Claim 100% success for curing old and new diseases as follows:
1. Headache, BP, Anaemia, Arthrosis, Paralysis, Palpitation, Epilepsy and Obesity
2. Cough, Bronchitis, Asthma, and Tuberculosis
3. Meningitis and any other diseases connected with URINE and LIVER.
4. Hyper-acidity, Gastritis, Dysentery, Constipation, Piles and Diabetes
5. Any other diseases connected with Eye, Nose and Throat.
6. Irregular menstrual periods of women
METHOD OF TREATMENT AND MAINTENANCE:
1. Wake-up early morning and drink Four(4) glasses (160ml each) in an empty stomach.
Thereafter, no solids or liquids should be taken up to 45 minutes.
2. Normal breakfast can be taken after the 45 minutes time elapsed.
3. Nothing either liquid or solid should be taken for Two(2) hours after breakfast, the same as with Lunch and Dinner.
4. After Dinner nothing should be taken before bedtime or sleep.
Sick and old people will find it difficult to drink Four(4) glasses of water at an instant in the beginning, but, can increase
gradually to the recommended level in a short time period.
Experiment has proved that the following diseases have been cured on treatment of water for the period shown against them
a) Hypertension - 30 days d) Constipation - 10 days
b) Gastric Problems - 30 days e) Cancer - 6 months
c) Diabetes - 30 days f) Tuberculosis - 3 months
Those who suffering from Arthritis should try this experiment three(3) times a day for one(1) week and thereafter reduce to
once in the morning. For first few days you may experience to pass urine more than the norma, but no side effects.
THIS WILL CLEANSED YOUR BODY OF IMPURITIES AND WILL
PREVENT MANY TYPES OF DISEASES...
EXERCISE RELIGIOUSLY...
AS THE SAYING GOES "HEALTH IS WEALTH"
REMEMBER:
70% of our body is made up of water...
only 30% of our body is solid...
HEALTH IS WEALTH...
WHAT'S THE USE OF HAVING A BILLION
BUT LYING IN A BED - SICK
OR SUFFERING FROM AN ILLNESS.....
I WOULD RATHER HAVE A CLEAN BILL OF HEALTH FOR A BILLION.
WHEN YOU REACH THE AGE OF 35 EXERCISE IS A MUST...
WATCH YOUR DIET...
EXERCISE DAILY AND RELIGIOUSLY
TAKE YOUR MULTIVITAMINS TO SUPPLEMENT YOUR FOOD INTAKE....
THE BEST THINGS IN LIFE ARE FREE.....
FAMILY....RELATIVES....FRIENDS....HEALTH and most importantly TIME....
YOU ARE MORE BLESSED THAN OTHERS...
WHEN YOU HAVE BOTH YOUR EYES SO YOU CAN CLEARLY SEE
OTHERS HAVE ONLY ONE...OTHERS ARE TOTALLY BLIND...
WHEN YOU HAVE BOTH YOUR EARS SO YOU CAN CLEARLY HEAR
OTHERS HAVE ONLY ONE...OTHERS ARE TOTALLY DEAF...
WHEN YOU HAVE BOTH YOUR HANDS SO YOU CAN HOLD THINGS WELL
OTHERS HAVE ONLY ONE...OTHERS HAVE NONE...
WHEN YOU HAVE BOTH YOUR FEET SO YOU CAN WALK EASILY
OTHERS HAVE ONE...OTHERS HAVE NONE..
WHEN YOU STILL HAVE YOUR PARENTS...
OTHERS HAVE ONE...OTHERS HAVE NONE...
WHEN YOU HAVE CHILDREN...
OTHERS HAVE ONE...OTHERS HAVE NONE...
WHEN YOU HAVE A FAMILY...
SOME HAVE NONE...OTHERS TOTALLY ORPHANED
WHEN YOU ARE LIVING IN THE PHILIPPINES...A DEMOCRATIC COUNTRY..
THE WEATHER NOT THAT EXTREMELY HOT NOR COLD..
WERE PLANTS AND TREES GROW EASILY
SURROUNDED BY SEAS FULL OF FISHES AND NATURAL RESOURCES
WHEN YOU ARE OLD AND STILL LIVING WITH YOUR CHILDREN
IN SOME COUNTRIES OLD PARENTS AND PEOPLE
ARE LEFT IN THE "HOME OF THE AGED NURSING FOUNDATION"
WHEN YOU STILL HAVE YOUR JOB...WORKING IN AN AIR-CONDITIONED
ROOM..JUST CONSIDER THE CONSTRUCTION WORKERS DOING THEIR
HARD LABOR JOBS UNDER THE HEAT OF THE SUN...IGNORING THE
DANGEROUS ELEMENTS CONFRONTING THEM....
COUNT YOUR BLESSINGS...COUNT THEM ONE BY ONE...
DON'T THINK OF SAYING ANY UNKIND WORD...
THINK OF PEOPLE WHO CAN'T SPEAK,
DON'T COMPLAIN ABOUT THE FOOD YOU EAT,
SOME HAVE NOTHING.
DON'T COMPLAIN ABOUT LIFE,
PAINT A SMILE ON YOUR FACE
AND THANK GOD YOU'RE ALIVE AND STILL AROUND
LIFE IS A GIFT......
LIVE IT WELL......
SAFETY 1ST
REPEAT BUSINESS 2ND
PRAY ALWAYS IT WORKS!!!
ATTENTION: FOREIGN ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS AND ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTORS
OUR COMPANY WELCOMES ELECTRICAL FOREIGN SUPPLIER/MANUFACTURER/S
WHO WOULD LIKE TO OFFER THEIR PRODUCT LINE
HERE IN THE PHILIPPINES BUT ON A CONSIGNMENT BASIS ONLY,
MEANING PAYMENT WILL BE FOR A CERTAIN PERIOD...EXAMPLE SIX(6) MONTHS TO ONE(1) YEAR,
ALL THOSE ITEMS THAT WILL NOT BE SOLD OR SLOW MOVING ITEMS WILL BE REPLACED
AND WE WILL JUST PAY FOR THOSE SOLD ITEMS
YOUR COMPANY WILL BE SHOULDERING THE FORWARDING/FREIGHT COST
OR SHIPMENT COST...
WE WILL BE IN CHARGE OF STOCKAGE,MARKETING,SALES AND AFTER SALES CONCERNS..
CONTACT,EMAIL OR CALL US IF YOUR COMPANY IS INTERESTED WITH OUR OFFER...
BY THE WAY PAYMENT WILL BE BANK TO BANK...
YOUR BANK WILL BE COORDINATING WITH OUR LOCAL BANK HERE IN THE PHILIPPINES....
CALL/EMAIL US IF YOUR COMPANY IS INTERESTED ON OUR OFFER....
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